Outline: 
Introduction
What is illegal dumping
Overview of the issue of illegal waste dumping in Indonesia
Importance of addressing environmental and health implications
Purpose and scope of the review paper
THESIS Statement: Illegal dumping of waste from foreign countries in Indonesia poses significant environmental and health implications and direct and indirect health risks to local communities. This paper argues that effective mitigation strategies, such as enhanced legislative measures, enforcement techniques, waste management initiatives, technological innovations, and public awareness campaigns, are essential for addressing and safeguarding Indonesia’s environment and public health.
Body
Environmental and Health Implications of Illegal Waste Dumping
Air pollution
Water pollution
Soil pollution
Health risks
Ecological damage
Sources and Destination of illegal waste dumping
Countries involved in exporting waste
Routes and methods used for waste transportation
Identification of key dumping sites in Indonesia
Indonesia’s legislative and enforcement measures
Existing laws and regulations
Challenges in enforcement
International cooperation efforts
Mitigation strategies
Waste management initiatives
Public awareness campaigns
Discussion
Restate thesis
Summary of key findings
Importance of continued efforts to combat illegal waste dumping
Future directions for research and action
Abstract:  The illegal dumping of waste from foreign countries into Indonesia presents severe environmental and health challenges. Following China’s ban on plastic waste imports, Southeast Asia, particularly countries like Indonesia, has become a major destination for developed countries’ waste exports. In 2018 alone, Indonesia saw a doubling of plastic waste imports to 320,000 tons. Key exporters include Australia, Germany, the Marshall Islands, the Netherlands, and the USA. Coupled with Indonesia’s annual generation of approximately 9 million tons of plastic waste, the situation demands urgent attention and action. However, enforcement of solid waste laws is minimal, with formal recycling systems capturing less than 5% of generated waste. Illegal dumping poses significant environmental and health implications as well as direct and indirect health risks to local communities. This paper will explore the environmental and health implications of illegal waste dumping, assess legislative measures, enforce challenges in Indonesia, policies, and propose mitigation strategies in Indonesia. Effective solutions are imperative to safeguard Indonesia’s environment and public health
References: 
https://www-tandfonline-com.ezproxy3.library.arizona.edu/doi/full/10.1080/23276665.2019.1592845
https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy3.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S0959652618334425?via%3Dihub
https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy3.library.arizona.edu/science/article/pii/S2214157X17301405?via%3Dihub
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2550677348?accountid=8360&parentSessionId=ksTuCVTjeODmCKFDTVogpuesuMNBuUlGkgEpUU%2FVmWE%3D&pq-origsite=primo&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals
https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy3.library.arizona.edu/stable/resrep26804?sid=primo&seq=5
https://eudl.eu/pdf/10.4108/eai.6-11-2019.2297257
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-32087-5
https://e360.yale.edu/features/plastic-waste-imports-recycling-indonesia
https://ijhess.com/index.php/ijhess/article/view/637/531
https://journals-sagepub-com.ezproxy4.library.arizona.edu/doi/full/10.1177/0734242X211050774