DNA replication is the process where the genetic material is duplicated before cell division. It follows a semiconservative model, with each new DNA molecule containing one original parental strand and one newly synthesized strand. Enzymes like helicase unwind the DNA double helix, creating replication forks where DNA polymerases synthesize new strands. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is made in short fragments called Okazaki fragments. DNA primase initiates RNA primers on the lagging strand, which DNA polymerase extends and DNA ligase joins into a continuous strand. Other enzymes like topoisomerases help in unwinding and relieving tension during replication. This process ensures accurate duplication of genetic information for cell division.
