Delve into the philosophical inquiry of free will versus determinism, examining key arguments and perspectives from classical to contemporary philosophy. Explore the implications of each stance on concepts such as moral responsibility, personal agency, and the nature of reality. Critically evaluate the compatibility of free will with scientific determinism and philosophical determinism, considering recent advancements in neuroscience and quantum mechanics. Engage with prominent philosophical texts, ethical dilemmas, and thought experiments to construct a well-reasoned argument defending or challenging either position. Present your analysis in a coherent and persuasive essay, integrating relevant philosophical theories and scholarly discourse.